| 田晓瑞,刘斌,舒立福,王明玉,赵凤君.冰雪灾害对川南森林可燃物的影响[J].火灾科学,2011,20(1):43-47. |
| 冰雪灾害对川南森林可燃物的影响 |
| Influences of ice storm on fuels in southern Sichuan |
| 投稿时间：2010-10-28 修订日期：2010-12-21 |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.年.期.顺序 |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC03A02)资助 |
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| 中文关键词: 冰冻灾害 森林可燃物 火环境 |
| 英文关键词:Ice storms Forest fuel Fire environment |
| 摘要点击次数: 934 |
| 全文下载次数: 824 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 冰雪灾害是影响森林的一个重要气象干扰因素,并会引起生态系统中其他次生干扰。研究冰雪灾害对森林可燃物的影响,提出可行的灾后可燃物管理技术将为今后应对类似的极端气候事件提供科学依据。基于对川南典型森林雪灾后受损情况调查,定量分析雪灾对各类可燃物的影响。按不同森林类型和受灾强度测定林分基本特征和各类可燃物载量,地表可燃物载量调查采用线状相交可燃物调查方法。结果表明:森林受害程度与树种、林龄、海拔、地形等因素有关,针叶林和针阔混交林树冠受损程度为5%~45%,阔叶林树冠受损程度为3%~8%。雪灾引起的主要是较大径级可燃物载量显著增加,径级≥7.0cm的可燃物占可燃物增量的48%~100%。灾后阔叶林地表径级可燃物载量达1.75 kg/m2,其他林分为0.18kg/m2~0.55 kg/m2。雪灾还改变可燃物空间分布,大量断枝和折断树干增加了可燃物垂直分布连续性,地表火更容易发展为树冠火。受灾严重的林分郁闭度下降,也会引起林下草本增加,有利于火灾的发生与发展。建议对受灾林分的地表可燃物清理以人工或机械清理为主。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ice storms are important meteorological disturbance to affect forests,which can cause other secondary disturbances in ecosystems.Study of the impacts of snow disaster on forest fuel and development of fuel management techniques for post-disaster will be scientific bases for dealing with similar extreme weather events in the future.This paper conducts quantitative analysis to examine the influences of ice storm on various types of fuels,based on the wild investigations on the typical forests after the snowstorm in southern Sichuan.Basic characteristics of the forests fuel loads were measured in terms of forest type and damage rating.Linear intersect method was used to measure the ground fuel loads.The results show the correlation of forest damages with tree species stand age,altitude and terrain.It was indicated that the canopy of coniferous forest and mixed coniferous were damaged from 5% to 45%,and broadleaf forests 3%～8%.Ice storm mainly caused fuel loads increments with large diameters,especially the diameter ≥ 7.0cm,which accounted for 48%～100% of the increments.Ice storm damage caused woody debris of nearly 1.75kg/m2 in broad-leaved forests,and 0.18kg/m2 ～0.55kg/m2 in other forests.The damage also changed the spatial distribution of fuels.A large number of snags and broken trunks increase the fuel loads in vertical direction,and benefit the transition from surface fire to crown fire.The canopy density decreased after the disaster and also led to an increase of herbs understory,which benefit fire occurrence and development.It is suggested to clear fuels by using manual or mechanical means. |
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