| 李星军,牧小卫,阚永春,宋磊,胡源.阻燃凝胶聚合物电解质的制备及其在高安全锂离子电池中的应用[J].火灾科学,2023,32(3):167-176. |
| 阻燃凝胶聚合物电解质的制备及其在高安全锂离子电池中的应用 |
| Flame-retardant gel polymer electrolyte for safe lithium-ion batteries |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2023.03.05 |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费(WK2320000057) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李星军 | 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥,230026 | | 牧小卫 | 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥,230026 | | 阚永春 | 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥,230026 | | 宋磊 | 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥,230026 | | 胡源 | 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥,230026 |
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| 中文关键词: 凝胶聚合物电解质 阻燃性能 锂离子电池 循环性能 |
| 英文关键词:Gel polymer electrolyte Flame retardant Lithium-ion batteries Cycling performance |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着锂离子电池能量密度的不断提高,火灾事故愈发频繁,提高锂离子电池安全性能越来越受到重视。基于乙烯基膦酸二乙酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和商业电解液合成了阻燃凝胶聚合物电解质(DEVP-GPE),并对其组装的锂离子电池开展了电化学性能和火安全性能的研究。循环测试表明,石墨//DEVP-GPE//Li半电池在第1 000圈时的容量维持率高达88.7%,明显高于商业电解液(25.8%),磷酸铁锂//DEVP-GPE//石墨全电池在0.5 C倍率下循环100次的容量维持率高达80.2%,平均库仑效率为99.73%,具有良好的循环稳定性。火焰燃烧测试结果表明,含磷DEVP-GPE的自熄时间仅为1.5 s。1 Ah容量级别袋式全电池的过热测试结果表明,阻燃型DEVPGPE不起火只冒烟,而且不漏液。以上结果均证明制备的DEVP-GPE具有良好的火安全性能。通过对电解质热解过程的分析,含磷DEVP-GPE能够很好地限制内部电解液的挥发和热解,并且在燃烧时释放出磷自由基以中断燃烧链式反应。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The insufficiency of safety performance cannot fully meet the development requirements for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. To solve the safety problem, phosphorus-fixed flame-retardant gel polymer electrolyte (DEVP-GPE) has been prepared by in-situ polymerization of diethyl vinylphosphonate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate as the alternative to conventional electrolytes. Notably, the capacity retention rate of graphite//DEVP-GPE//Li (88.7%) is much higher than graphite//liquid electrolyte//Li (25.8%). Also, the capacity retention rate of LFP//DEVP-GPE//graphite is 80.2% for 100 cycles at 0.5 C and the average columbia efficiency is 99.73%. After being ignited by fire for >5 s, the self-extinguishing time of DEVP-GPE is only 1.5 s. Besides, no fire and electrolyte leakage occurred during the overheating test for the phosphorus-containing DEVP-GPE-based pouch cell with a capacity of 1 Ah. Therefore, this DEVP-GPE delivers a superior safety performance by hindering electrolyte vapor’s volatilization and generating phosphorus-containing radicals decomposed by diethyl vinylphosphonate to prevent subsequent reactions. |
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