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| 底喷水基灭火系统防控纯电动乘用车锂电池包火灾的适用性研究 |
| Study on the applicability of the bottom sprinkler-based fire extinguishing system to prevent the fire of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-19 修订日期：2025-07-22 |
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| 中文关键词: 纯电动乘用车 锂离子电池 火灾防控 水基灭火系统 |
| 英文关键词:Pure electric passenger vehicles/ Lithium-ion batteries/ Fire prevention and control/Water-based fire extinguishing system |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对纯电动汽车火灾的防控难题，本研究开展了建筑内充电泊位的纯电动乘用车的整车燃烧实验，分析了其火灾演变规律以及成灾、蔓延、受控等不同阶段的灾情变化对周边设施、环境的影响，检验现行此类场所消防设施的处置效能和探、防、灭火性能。研究发现现行的固定消防设施不能有效遏制纯电动乘用车锂离子电池包热失控火灾的蔓延，亟需设计出能有效控制纯电动乘用车底部锂离子电池包热失控降温抑制的防灭火系统。经对比实验验证，底喷水基灭火系统在一定程度上能抑制纯电动乘用车底部锂离子电池包热失控火灾蔓延。此外，基于PyroSim的仿真模拟分析亦表明，采用底喷水基灭火系统防控纯电动乘用车锂离子电池包热失控火灾是有效可行的，并分析了底喷水基灭火系统的控火优势，优化了底喷细水雾系统的参数设置和喷头布局，提出了充电泊位纯电动乘用车锂离子电池包火灾的高效防控方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aiming at the difficult problems on fire prevention and control of pure electric vehicles, this study conducted a full-scale burning experiment of pure electric passenger cars in indoor charging parking spaces. The experiment analyzed the evolution patterns of such fires, as well as the impact of disaster changes—such as outbreak, spread, and control—on surrounding facilities and the environment. It also evaluated the effectiveness of existing fire protection facilities in such settings, including their detection, prevention, and extinguishing capabilities. The research found that current fixed fire protection systems are ineffective in curbing the spread of thermal runaway fires in lithium-ion battery packs of pure electric passenger cars. There is an urgent need to design a fire suppression system capable of effectively cooling and inhibiting thermal runaway in the undercarriage lithium-ion battery packs of these vehicles. Comparative experiments demonstrated that an undercarriage water-based fire suppression system can, to some extent, inhibit the spread of thermal runaway fires in the battery packs. Additionally, PyroSim-based simulation analysis confirmed that using an undercarriage water-based system to prevent and control such fires is feasible and effective. The study further analyzed the advantages of this system, optimized the parameter settings and nozzle layout of the undercarriage fine water mist system, and proposed an efficient prevention and control solution for lithium-ion battery pack fires in pure electric passenger cars at charging stations. |
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