《火灾科学（中英文）》编辑部

屈璐,李先,翟越,蔡娜.轿厢上行对高层建筑火灾烟气运动规律的影响研究[J].火灾科学,2025,34(2):108-117.

轿厢上行对高层建筑火灾烟气运动规律的影响研究

Research on the influence of elevator car ascending on the fire smoke movement of high-rise buildings

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2025.02.04

基金项目:住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2022-K-043)

作者	单位
屈璐	1. 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安,710054
李先	1. 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安,710054
翟越	1. 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安,710054
蔡娜	2. 建研防火科技有限公司,北京,100013

中文关键词: 高层建筑火灾活塞效应烟气蔓延消防电梯

英文关键词:High-rise building fires Piston effect Smoke spreads Fire elevators

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中文摘要:

高层建筑火灾中消防电梯运行引起的活塞效应一直是建筑火灾关注的重点问题。为了研究其对前室烟气蔓延特征及温度分布规律的影响,利用模型实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,以某高层建筑的电梯井及前室为例,模拟火灾中电梯轿厢高速运行时前室的压强、温度分布及电梯门处的烟气流动情况和中性面位置,并利用1∶10的模型实验台对模拟结果进行了可靠性验证。研究结果表明,高层建筑中电梯运行会产生很明显的活塞效应,其强弱受电梯轿厢运行速度影响较为明显,轿厢上行会使前室人眼特征高度(1.2 m~1.8 m)处的温度降低,同时会促使电梯前室的烟气蔓延到竖井内;轿厢速度越大,活塞效应越明显,前室人眼特征高度(1.2 m~1.8 m)处温度的下降浮动越小,越不利于烟气的蔓延。研究结果为火灾发生后高层建筑中的烟气蔓延特性提供了理论支持,同时对消防电梯在火灾救援中的可行性提供参考价值。

英文摘要:

The piston effect caused by the operation of fire elevators in high-rise building fires has always been a key issue in building fires. In order to study the propagation characteristics and temperature distribution of the smoke in the front room, combined model experiment and numerical simulation were used to simulate the pressure and temperature distribution of the front room and the flue gas flow at the elevator door and the neutral surface position of the elevator car during high-speed operation in a fire, and the reliability of the simulation results was verified by using a 1:10 model test bench. The results show that elevator operation in high-rise buildings produces an obvious piston effect, and its strength is significantly affected by the elevator car's running speed. The upward movement of the elevator car will reduce the temperature at the characteristic height (1.2 m~1.8 m) of the human eye in the front room, and at the same time, it will promote the smoke from the elevator front room to spread to the shaft. The greater the car speed, the more pronounced the piston effect, and the smaller the temperature drop and fluctuation at the characteristic height (1.2 m~1.8 m) of the human eye of the front room personnel, the less conducive it is to the spread of smoke. The research results provide theoretical support for the smoke propagation characteristics of high-rise buildings after a fire, and offer a reference value for the feasibility of fire elevators in fire rescue.

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