| 黄庭雅,王靖文,宋磊.含磷阻燃聚氨酯复合材料的制备和性能研究[J].火灾科学,2025,34(3):193-203. |
| 含磷阻燃聚氨酯复合材料的制备和性能研究 |
| Preparation and properties of flame-retardant polyurethane composites containing phosphorus |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2025.03.04 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3003100) |
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| 中文关键词: 聚氨酯 热稳定性 阻燃 火灾安全 |
| 英文关键词:Polyurethane Thermal stability Flame-retardant Fire safety |
| 摘要点击次数: 34 |
| 全文下载次数: 24 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 聚氨酯材料因其优异的机械性能、耐化学性和绝缘性等特点,被广泛应用于建筑、汽车和家电等领域。然而,聚氨酯材料易燃烧且燃烧时会释放大量有毒气体,对人身安全和环境造成严重威胁。利用溶液法,以聚(丙二醇),甲苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯封端(PPGTD)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)为原料制备了聚氨酯弹性体。通过向聚氨酯基体中分别加入二乙基次膦酸铝(ADP)、次磷酸铝(AHP)和焦磷酸哌嗪(PAPP),制备了具有优异热稳定性、阻燃和力学性能的PU/FR复合材料。热重(TGA)测试结果表明,相比于纯PU,PU/ADP25和PU/AHP25复合材料的T5 wt%、Tmax和残炭量提高,最大热失重速率下降,热稳定性得到提高。锥形量热(CONE)实验结果表明,PU/ADP 25、PU/AHP 25和PU/PAPP 25的PHRR值分别降低了58.8%、73.5% 和77.5%,THR值分别降低了38.6%、45.8%和49.7%。采用热重红外联用(TG-IR)及激光拉曼光谱仪进一步研究材料阻燃机制,结果显示ADP、AHP和PAPP的加入显著降低了PU/ADP、PU/AHP和PU/PAPP样品一氧化碳、二氧化碳和烷烃类化合物气相产物的生成量,同时残炭的致密性和连续性得到显著提升,为火灾救援赢得更多宝贵时间。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Polyurethane materials are highly combustible and can release large amounts of toxic gases during combustion, posing a serious threat to personal safety and the environment. In this paper, polyurethane elastomers were prepared from poly (propylene glycol), tolyl-2,4-diisocyanate blocked (PPGTD), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and isophorone diamine (IPDA) by the solution method. PU/FR composites with excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties were prepared by adding aluminium diethylphosphonate (ADP), aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), and piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) to the polyurethane matrix, respectively. The thermogravimetric (TGA) test results showed that, compared with pure PU, the PU/ADP 25 and PU/AHP 25 composites exhibited improved thermal stability, with increased T5 wt%, Tmax, and residual carbon, and decreased maximum thermal weight loss rate. The results of cone calorimetry (CONE) experiments showed that the PHRR values of PU/ADP 25, PU/AHP 25, and PU/PAPP 25 were reduced by 58.8%, 73.5% and 77.5% respectively, and the THR values were reduced by 38.6%, 45.8% and 49.7%, respectively. Thermogravimetric infrared coupling (TG-IR) and laser Raman spectroscopy were used to further investigate the flame-retardant mechanism of the materials. The results showed that the incorporation of ADP, AHP, and PAPP significantly reduced the generation of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and the gas-phase products of alkane compounds in the samples of PU/ADP, PU/AHP, and PU/PAPP. Meanwhile, the densification and continuity of residual carbon were significantly improved. |
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