| 耿伟超,王雨,卫文彬,王楠.环境风向对建筑自然排烟效果的影响研究[J].火灾科学,2026,35(1):12-20. |
| 环境风向对建筑自然排烟效果的影响研究 |
| Research on the impact of environmental wind direction on the natural smoke exhaust effect of buildings |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2026.01.02 |
| 基金项目:中国建筑科学研究院有限公司青年基金项目(20232501331030039) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 耿伟超** | 1. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司, 北京, 100013
2. 建研防火科技有限公司, 北京, 100013 | | 王雨 | 1. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司, 北京, 100013
2. 建研防火科技有限公司, 北京, 100013 | | 卫文彬 | 1. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司, 北京, 100013
2. 建研防火科技有限公司, 北京, 100013 | | 王楠 | 1. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司, 北京, 100013
2. 建研防火科技有限公司, 北京, 100013 |
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| 中文关键词: 环境风向 自然排烟 数值模拟 火灾 |
| 英文关键词:Environmental wind direction Natural smoke exhaust Numerical simulation Fire hazard |
| 摘要点击次数: 23 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究环境风向对自然排烟的影响,采用FDS软件对0°至90°风向下两种开窗模式自然排烟进行了研究,通过分析建筑周围流场及风压分布、排烟口气体质量流量、烟气层温度和能见度来研究风向对自然排烟的影响。结果表明:在环境风作用下,建筑迎风面风压为正,背风面和侧风面风压均为负。排烟口位于迎风面,排烟速率随风向增大而降低,自然排烟失效临界风向为30°;排烟口位于背风面,排烟速率随风向增大而提高,风向90°时排烟速率较风向0°时提升3.4倍。此外,排烟口位于背风面时排烟效果明显优于排烟口位于迎风面,室内烟气层平均温度较迎风面最大降低了61%,室内平均能见度提高了4.8倍。因此,建筑采用自然排烟时应充分考虑当地环境风向,排烟口宜设在背风面或侧风面,补风口宜设在迎风面。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the influence of environmental wind direction on natural smoke exhaust, the FDS software is used to study the natural smoke exhaust under two window opening modes from 0o to 90o wind directions. The influence of wind direction on natural smoke exhaust was studied by analyzing the flow field and pressure distribution around the building, the gas mass flow at the smoke outlet and the smoke temperature and visibility. The results show that under the influence of environmental wind, the pressure on the windward side is positive, and the pressures on the leeward and crosswind sides are negative. When the smoke outlet is located on the windward side, the smoke exhaust rate decreases as the wind direction increases, and the critical wind direction of natural smoke exhaust failure is 30o. While the smoke outlet is located on the lee side, the smoke exhaust rate increases with wind direction, and it increases 3.4 times when the wind direction is 90o compared with 0o. In addition, when the smoke outlet is located on the leeward side, the smoke exhaust effect is clearly better than on the windward side, reducing the average indoor smoke layer temperature by 61% and increasing indoor visibility by 4.8 times. Therefore, when the building adopts natural smoke exhaust, the local environmental wind direction should be fully considered, the smoke exhaust outlet should be located on the lee or crosswind side, and the supplement outlet should be located on the windward side. |
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