| 李月,丁龙,王波,周德闯,纪杰.基于BIM与FDS的大型明清官式古建筑火灾烟气蔓延研究[J].火灾科学,2026,35(1):32-39. |
| 基于BIM与FDS的大型明清官式古建筑火灾烟气蔓延研究 |
| Research on fire smoke propagation in large Ming and Qing official-style ancient buildings based on BIM and FDS |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2026.01.04 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFC1523501) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李月 | 1. 故宫博物院, 北京, 100009 | | 丁龙 | 2. 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 合肥, 230026 | | 王波 | 1. 故宫博物院, 北京, 100009 | | 周德闯** | 2. 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 合肥, 230026 | | 纪杰** | 2. 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 合肥, 230026 |
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| 中文关键词: 明清官式古建筑 太和殿 BIM FDS 烟气蔓延 数值模拟 |
| 英文关键词:Ming and Qing official-style ancient buildings Hall of Supreme Harmony BIM FDS Smoke propagation Numerical simulation |
| 摘要点击次数: 33 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究大型明清官式古建筑内火灾烟气的运动特性,以我国现存规模最大、建筑等级最高的官式古建筑———故宫太和殿为研究对象,利用BIM和FDS仿真技术,模拟火灾烟气在建筑内的运动过程,分析不同火源位置烟气蔓延过程中温度、能见度等参数的动态分布情况。结果表明,太和殿的柱、梁、隔架科结构导致天花下的烟气呈现出东西方向蔓延快,南北方向蔓延慢的特征;庑殿顶的蓄烟作用明显,墙边火和墙角火的烟气更易进入上层屋顶空间,并蓄积在屋顶内难以排出;太和殿属于高大空间,火灾早期烟气不影响人员疏散,发生墙边火及墙角火时天花下烟气层下降较慢;此外,不同火源位置的烟气蔓延过程不同,会影响火灾探测器的报警。研究结果对大型庑殿顶结构官式古建筑火灾探测器的合理排布及火灾防控具有重要意义和参考价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the movement characteristics of fire smoke in large Ming and Qing official-style ancient buildings, this study takes the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, the largest and highest-grade official-style ancient building in China, as the research object. Using BIM and FDS simulation technologies, the movement of fire smoke within the building is simulated, and the dynamic distribution of parameters such as temperature and visibility during smoke spread from different fire sources is analysed. The results show that the columns, beams, and partition structures of the Hall of Supreme Harmony cause the smoke under the ceiling to spread faster in the east-west direction and slower in the north-south direction; the smoke storage effect of the hipped roof is significant, and the smoke from wall-side and corner fires is more likely to enter the upper roof space and accumulate inside the roof, making it difficult to discharge; the Hall of Supreme Harmony has a tall space, and in the early stages of a fire, the smoke does not affect evacuation, with the smoke layer under the ceiling descending slowly in the case of wall-side and corner fires; moreover, the smoke spread process varies with different fire sources, affecting the alarm of fire detectors. This study has significant and reference value for the rational arrangement of fire detectors and for fire prevention and control in large official-style ancient buildings with hipped roofs. |
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