《火灾科学（中英文）》编辑部

王彤,胥旋,张俊,宋卫国.高密度人员疏散中人体上半身受力特性研究[J].火灾科学,2026,35(1):68-77.

高密度人员疏散中人体上半身受力特性研究

Research on the force characteristics of the upper body of the human body during high-density evacuation

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2026.01.08

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52074252)

作者	单位
王彤	1. 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 合肥, 230026
胥旋	2. 中国安全生产科学研究院, 北京, 100012 3. 地铁火灾与客流疏运安全北京市重点实验室, 北京, 100012
张俊	1. 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 合肥, 230026
宋卫国^^	1. 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 合肥, 230026

中文关键词: 高密度人群行人压力临界密度压力危险区受力过程

英文关键词:High-density crowd Pedestrian pressure Critical density Pressure hazard zone Pressure application process

摘要点击次数: 25

全文下载次数: 0

中文摘要:

在疏散过程中发生堵塞时会出现高密度人群,行人被迫发生碰撞或推挤,导致行人之间出现明显的压力,并可能造成伤亡,因此研究行人受力特性具有重要意义。已有研究表明,行人之间的压力主要集中于上半身。开展了高密度人员疏散过程中人体上半身受力特性的实验研究,分析了行人间压力与影响因素之间的定量关系。实验中设置不同的人群密度(最大密度约13 人/m2),测量疏散过程中行人之间的压力及其变化,并与可能的影响因素建立联系。结果表明后背、手臂与前胸区域的压力平均值依次降低,压力值在84.96 N到599.85 N之间。行人间的压力与人群密度之间存在明显的规律性,近似满足分段指数关系。基于行人间压力与密度的关系,将2.3 人/m2作为压力产生的临界密度,8.4 人/m2作为危险压力产生的临界密度。通过临界密度划分了压力危险区,并基于临界密度将行人受力过程分为两个阶段。针对受力过程的第二阶段,分析了行人上半身各区域的压力与周围人数的函数关系。研究结果可望预测相似场景下的临界密度和行人受力,为风险评估提供了更全面的理论参考。虽然面对不同人群时,上述具体数值会稍有变化,但是得到的压力随密度的变化趋势、压力在高密度人群中的变化趋势等结果仍然具有一定的适用性。

英文摘要:

During the evacuation process, congestion can lead to high-density crowds, where pedestrians are forced to collide and push against one another, resulting in significant pressure among individuals that may cause injuries or fatalities. Therefore, studying the force characteristics of pedestrians is of great importance. Existing research has shown that the pressure between pedestrians primarily concentrates on the upper body. Hence, this paper initiates a study of the force characteristics of the upper body during high-density crowd evacuation, analysing the quantitative relationship between inter-pedestrian pressure and its influencing factors. The experimental setup includes different crowd densities (up to approximately 13 people/m2). We have measured the pressure between evacuating pedestrians and their changes, establishing a correlation with potential influencing factors. The results show that the average pressure decreases consecutively in the back, arm, and chest regions, with pressure values ranging from 84.96 N to 599.85 N. There is a clear pattern between inter-pedestrian pressure and crowd density, approximately following a segmented exponential relationship. Based on the relationship between pressure and density, we use 2.3 people/m2 as the critical density for pressure generation and 8.4 people/m2 as the critical density for hazardous pressure. In the second stage of the force experience, the relationship between pressure in various regions of the pedestrian's upper body and surrounding population density is analysed. The research aims to predict the critical density and the forces experienced by pedestrians in similar scenarios, providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis for risk assessment. Although the specific values may vary slightly across different crowds, the trends in pressure changes with density and the variations in pressure in high-density crowds are expected to remain applicable.

关闭